For Ontology, existance is a core issue. It is definelty worth to read philosophical discipline , Because most of the time human barely can find time to think Why do we even exist ?
Today I'm going to explain you guys the main principles and opinions about Ontology and existance.
istock.com
Ontology; The philosophy of being is in other words the science of being. The basic issue and the problem is the concept of "being". If we need to create a general framework, discipline is a branch of metaphysics that deals with the existence and the proof of existence. The thing that is of interest here is not a physical entity. Discipline that examines existence in an abstract and comprehensive concept of existence and evaluates the action of being. That is, the formation and reality behind the visible and felt assets. Therefore, it is separated from modern sciences and studied under metaphysics. For this reason, the concept of metaphysics must also be examined.
Metaphysics is a discipline of philosophy that examines the structure and causes of phenomena and phenomena that can not be comprehended by senses through reason and intuition. In an abstract mode. Before thinking and science developed, many different disciplines from philosophy of religion to philosophy of science were examined under metaphysical philosophy. However, with the developing science and thought, each one has been regarded as a separate discipline.
Some of the questions that the ontology answers are :
What is the theory of knowledge, what is being, what are physical objects, what is the existence of a physical object, what are the characteristics or associations of an object and how are they related to the object? When does object disappear, when does it change?
Opinions about the quantity of existence
Thinkers who have studied quantitative aspects of existence have revealed multiple views. these:
a. Monism : according to those who defend this idea, everything that exists is made up of a single reality. Thales, Hegel, Marx are the main monist philosophers advocating this idea.
b. Dualism: According to those who defend this idea, everything that exists is made up of two different phenomena that can not be regarded as the same (soul and body). Descartes is the main dualist philosopher.
c. Pluralism: a concept adopted by those who argue that existence is not dependent on one or two variables, that there are multiple factors and phenomena. Empedocles is a philosopher with a plurale understanding. The theories of nature philosophers are also mentioned here.
Opinions on the nature of existence
a. Those who regarded existence as "being": they accept that the universe is in constant change and formation. Herakleitos and alfred n. Defended by WhiteHead.
b. Those who regard it as an "idea": the first and most important thing of existence is the idea. Exist ideals and objects in two different phases (idealism). Plato, Aristoteles, Farabi and Hegel.
c. Those who regarded being as "matter": according to this view, the only thing that exists or is real is the actual basis of the universe (materialism). Democritos, Hobbes, Marx are the main advocates.
d. Those who regarded being as "both matter and spirit": a link between idealism and materialism (dualism). Descartes is the most important representative.
Those who regarded being as a "phenomenon": the phenomenon that the bi-linc determined as the basis of the knowing ability is phenomenal. According to those who advocate this view, existence consists of phenomena and intuition can be reached intuitively (fenomenology). Edmund Husserl is the most important representative.
Edmund Husserl
Basic concepts of the philosophy of being
Arkhe: substance-self-ore. Is the main substance of all beings.
Metaphysics: a philosophy that can not be perceived as sensory, but that can not be proved.
Matter: being perceived by the senses, which exist independently of human consciousness.
Idea :The perfect being, unchanged, no past and future, without needing another existence to exist.